Crete has long been an attractive destination due to its favorable climate, fertile lands, strategic location, and proximity to Mediterranean trade routes. These features made the island an appealing target for various invaders. Over the years, Crete was ruled by Muslims, Byzantines, and Venetians, until it was incorporated into the sovereign state of Greece in 1913.
Throughout its history, conquerors have sought to establish their dominion over newly acquired lands, erecting fortifications, enhancing local infrastructure, and appointing governing bodies. As a consequence, Crete’s history resembles a layered dessert, with Greek influences on top, Islamic ones beneath, followed by layers of Venetian and Byzantine heritage, among others. These distinct civilizations have indelibly marked Crete’s past, which the relentless winds of history threaten to erase. To protect and preserve the island’s historical legacy, the Historical Museum of Crete was established.
In 1953, the Cretan Society for Historical Studies was granted permission by the Greek Ministry of Culture to establish a museum collection. They chose a neoclassical building in Heraklion, constructed in 1903 by architect K. Tsandirakis. This site once housed Minos Kalokerinos, a lawyer and amateur archaeologist who first excavated the Knossos Palace in 1878. Despite criticism from professionals for his informal methods, his pioneering work was significant. Following his death, his family set up a fund that supported the construction of a new building for the collection in 1970.
The museum’s collection grew gradually: gifts from local patrons, archaeological discoveries, and items on loan from the Ministry of Culture all contributed. As the assortment of artifacts expanded, a new wing was constructed to accommodate them. In 2004, a modern steel and glass structure was added, bridging the two original buildings, symbolically linking historical eras through contemporary design.
Crete offers more than just stunning beaches, charming ladies, and thrilling nightlife. Sure, relaxation is key, but the island’s cultural heritage shouldn’t be overlooked. A visit to the Historical Museum of Crete (HMC) is a must for those looking to quickly dive into the island’s past. In just a few hours, one can grasp the essence of Crete’s history, understand the legacy of its rulers, and discover the events that shaped the island into what we see today.
Additionally, the IMC is situated right in the heart of Heraklion, a mere stone’s throw from the ferry terminal and a quick 10-minute drive from the «Nikos Kazantzakis» airport. It would be a missed opportunity to pass by without stopping when you’re so close. Moreover, within easy walking distance are the Koules Fortress, the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, the Natural History Museum of Crete, and many other attractions—plenty to explore for an entire day!
The museum’s own cafe boasts a summer deck with stunning sea views, offering a fun and cool atmosphere.
Exhibition
Currently, the museum’s display area is 1,500 square meters, divided into 25 thematic sections. Spanning 17 centuries of the island’s history.
· The first floor - the exhibition’s focus is on the Christian era, particularly the Venetian period and the Cretan War. Highlights include ceramic artifacts, a collection of early Byzantine columns, mosaics, sculptures, inscriptions, and coats of arms. Noteworthy are the numismatic collection and Byzantine fresco fragments. Religious history enthusiasts will appreciate the exhibit of icons and sacred relics.
· The second floor of the museum is dedicated to recent historical events, predominantly focusing on World War II and the Battle of Crete. Exhibits highlight the German occupation and the valiant resistance of local patriots, alongside everyday items from the island’s inhabitants.
· On the third floor, there’s a library housing a collection of approximately 10,000 volumes, some of which are 19th-century rarities. The library’s summer hours are 9 AM to 5 PM, closed on Tuesdays, and during winter, it’s open from 9 AM to 3:30 PM.
Among its treasured displays are masterpieces by the acclaimed El Greco, including «Mount Sinai» (1570) and «The Baptism of Christ» (1567). This institution not only houses permanent collections but also organizes a diverse array of temporary exhibitions, scholarly gatherings, educational talks, presentations, and film screenings.
The Historical Museum of Crete, located in Heraklion near the sea and close to the ferry dock, is a cultural beacon of the island. Conveniently, the E75/EO90 highway, which traverses the island from west to east, is just south of the museum, providing easy access to major Cretan cities such as Rethymno, Chania, and Hersonissos.
1. Visitors to the museum should be aware that there’s no dedicated parking on the premises. However, several paid parking lots are conveniently located nearby. You can find them at the following addresses: 50 Yamalaki St. (200 m away, call +30 2810 282731), 18–22 Gorgolaini St. (300 m away, call +30 2810 314891), and the corner of 1 Arkoleontos & Almyrou (400 m away, call +30 2810 286733).
2. For an easy navigation experience inside the museum, a detailed PDF map is available on the museum’s website. This map, which highlights the location of various exhibits, can be downloaded in multiple languages, including Greek, English, German, French, and Russian.
3. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the cafe area and exhibition halls. It’s advisable to satisfy any cravings for nicotine beforehand.
4. There’s a special adventure route for kids complete with a map and engaging tasks. This will keep an active child entertained, allowing you to enjoy a moment of peace.
5. Days off include Tuesdays and specific holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1st), Orthodox Easter Sunday, the day following Orthodox Easter, as well as the 25th and 26th of December.
